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\caption[]{IT Adoption Challenges in Education Organization
Developing Countries} 
\label{tbl:challenges-education}\\
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\multicolumn{1}{p{0.25\textwidth}}{Literature} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.15\textwidth}}{Geographic} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.5\textwidth}}{Challenges} \\ \hline
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\multicolumn{1}{p{0.25\textwidth}}{Literature} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.15\textwidth}}{Geographic} &
\multicolumn{1}{p{0.5\textwidth}}{Challenges} \\ \hline
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\citenoun{Furuholt2005}	& Tanzania &
(i) Lack of Top Management Engagement, (ii) Knowledge Barriers and Staff
Resistance, (iii) Lack of Utilitarian Value and Other Personal Incentives,
(iv) The Symbolic Value of Information Technology, (v) Poor Organization,
(vi) Poor Infrastructure \\

\citenoun{Bii2006} 	& Kenya &
(i) Conflicting Management Styles, (ii) Lack of ICT Policy,
(iii) Training, (iv) Conflicting Functions between units/departments, (v) Lack
of Funds, (vi) Ineffective Communication, (vii) Resistance to
Change, (viii) Sustainability of ICT Resources, (ix) Electric Power Supply,
(x) Lack of Clear Job Description for IRM Staff, (xi) Old Technology, (xii) Lack
of Feedback on IRM Performance	\\

\citenoun{Huda2010}	& Indonesia &
(i) Technological factors (ICT product selection problems, expensive cost
of ICT infrastructure, software / hardware incompatibility problems) ;
(ii) Organizational factors (low ICT awareness, low ICT development budget,
communication among management level, hierarchical structure of the institution,
inadequate use of strategic planning,lack of training, lack incentive, lack IT
vision among management); (iii) Individual/Social factors (resistance to
change,Language barriers, Lack of user involvement, lack of ICT literacy, 'lack
of trust' towards ICT usage) (iv) External Factor such as Government policies

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\end{longtable}
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